As part of its drive to be part of a global programme to reduce lead exposure from drinking water, polymer bushing manufacturer Vesconite Bearings produces products resistant to corrosion-combatting chemicals, which are necessary to reduce lead leaching into the water system.

Notably the company also provides lead-free bearing materials for pumps and water systems.

According to Vesconite Bearings, fuel and paint are responsible for most of the lead exposure in many countries.

However, with lead removed or likely to be removed from these sources, drinking water has become an integral source of controllable lead exposure.

Vesconite can play a role in a corrosion-reduction strategy to combat lead exposure.

Its bearing products are resistant to most chemicals and will not degrade in water systems, says the company.

At the same time, Vesconite has the benefit of being lead-free and will not introduce additional lead into the system.

Orthophosphates and Vesconite products work particularly well where organic material is removed from water systems, since orthophosphates may increase bacterial growth on some plastics.

Installation and Repair

Some countries have introduced legislation affecting the installation and repair of water utilities.

This ensures that no additional lead is introduced into the water system and that there is a reduction in the quantity of lead in the system.

Such is the case with the US Safe Drinking Water Act which prohibits the “use of any pipe, any pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, any solder, or any flux, after June 1986, in the installation or repair of any public water system; or any plumbing in a residential or non-residential facility providing water for human consumption, that is not lead-free”.

For utilities implementing this policy, Vesconite’s Hilube bearing material has National Sanitation Foundation 61 approval for use in potable water applications.

This approval offers comfort and assurance to utilities that need to abide by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s final regulation on the “Use of lead-free pipes, fittings, fixtures, solder, and flux for drinking water”.

The September 2020 regulation requires that manufacturers and importers of components used in drinking water systems certifying their products have met the requirements of the regulation within three years of the final rule publication date.

Further, for many countries, lead-service-line replacement is prohibitive because of the cost. Such is the case with the UK, for instance, where the cost of replacing lead piping has been estimated at about £10-billion.

Lead service lines and components need to be replaced in the long term, but the short- and medium-term strategy is to reduce the likelihood of lead dissolving in the system by introducing a corrosion inhibitor, most commonly orthophosphate.

Replacement of Lines

Strategies on whether lead service lines and lead components must be replaced entirely or partially differ between and within countries.

As an example, Southern Germany prohibited lead pipes more than 100 years ago, while Northern Germany, which continued to use lead piping into the 1970s, is currently focusing on getting rid of lead service lines.

There seems to be a global groundswell of interest in replacing lead piping since piping is the main cause of lead contamination in water systems.

Other parts of the water system, while they may not be the priority source of lead exposure, are also not being ignored.

Solder as well as fittings – including alloy fittings with high lead content – and service connections, contribute to lead in tap water and remain a concern for the World Health Organization, as indicated in its Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.

Lead-containing bronze, for instance, has been seen as problematic for the bearings and impellers contained in pumps and water systems.

Alloys such as zinc, tin or aluminium have sometimes replaced lead – this replacement will benefit the health of countries that introduce such products but these alloys tend to be adversely affected by chlorine dosing over an extended time.

However, should lead-free, chlorine-resistant, long-lasting Vesconite bearing materials replace these materials, they would lower maintenance time and costs while at the same time reducing lead exposure.